Much of the Caribbean and all of Central America are located south of the Tropic of Cancer and are dominated by tropical type A climates. The backbone of Central America is mountainous, with many volcanoes located within its ranges. The Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest point between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, serves as a land bridge between the continents. The republics of Central America extend from Mexico to Colombia and form the final connection between North America and South America. Tectonic plate activity not only has created volcanic islands but also is a constant source of earthquakes that continue to be a problem for the Caribbean community. Many of the other low-lying islands, such as the Bahamas, were formed by coral reefs rising above the ocean surface. The volcano on this island has continued to erupt in recent years, showering the island with dust and ash and making habitation difficult. The island of Montserrat is one such example. ![]() Tectonic action at the edge of the Caribbean Plate has brought about volcanic activity, creating many of the islands of the region as volcanoes rose above the ocean surface. Middle America has various types of physical landscapes, including volcanic islands and mountain ranges.
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